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Gas Patio Heater Regulator If you're looking to cozy with the cold outside with a propane patio heater, it's crucial to know how to properly use this appliance. Matthew Griffith, chief of the prevention department at Montreal's Fire Department, says that shoppers should look for products that have safety certifications. The patio heater should be properly attached and there shouldn't be fire-prone material in the vicinity. Pressure Regulator Gas regulators are mechanical devices we drive by daily in our cars and homes without giving a second thought. Their invention made 135 years ago changed the way propane and natural gas are used for heating, cooking and oxyfuel welding. There are many variations in the design of regulators but their basic purpose is the same. The regulator uses an element that senses pressure, typically a dialythm made of fabric, to control a valve's location and limit the flow of gas. The diaphragm is linked to the valve stem with rods that go down through the set spring, through the diaphragm before entering the valve. This mechanism senses the gas pressure in the home or pipeline and adjusts the position of the valve plug to match the demand. As the gas consumption in the home decreases and the pressure decreases between the regulator and the house. This causes the diaphragm to decrease in size, and then it moves the valve plug closer to the orifice, restricting the flow. As the demand for gas in the house increases the valve expands and increases the flow of gas. When the valve plug is shut, it is held in place by the set spring force until the demand of the house decreases, which opens the valve further to increase the flow. This process, called”sizing,” is the basic operation of the regulator. As the valve opens it creates pressure up in the main chamber of the regulator, which is connected to the port for hose outlet via the venturi tube (see picture). This pressure is controlled by adjusting a screw or handle on the outside of the regulator. When the screw is turned counterclockwise, it moves up and reduces the pressure. When it is turned clockwise, it decreases the pressure. When selecting a pressure regulator be aware that the maximum and minimum nominal pressure is set by commercial standards, not the pressure of the gas at the supply line. The regulator should also be compatible with your hose. Make sure you choose a hose that is whistle-free. It should feature alternating rings that are different sizes. This will stop the resonant sounds from building up throughout the length. Thermocouple Thermocouples are based on the idea that metals of different composition when in contact at their ends can generate the voltage even if they are at very varying temperatures. They are used to measure the temperature difference between two points in a system and convert this information into an electrical signal that can be read by a thermocouple meter or other instrument. Thermocouples are superior to other sensors, such as thermostors. They can detect extremely high temperatures and operate in corrosive environments. A pair of different metals is connected at one end of the sensor to create the measuring (aka hot) junction, and the other end is maintained at a set temperature, also known as the reference (aka cold) junction. Thermocouples are passive devices which means that they don't require power in order to function. The voltage generated is proportional to the difference in temperature between the measuring and reference junctions. Thermocouple manufacturers and metrology standards organizations such as NIST provide tables of reference for the function E (T) displaystyle scriptstyle e(T) for each type of thermocouple. There are three main types of thermocouple junctions- an exposed, grounded and weld wire. The exposed junction style is a bit higher than the protective sheath and provides the fastest response time. A grounded thermocouple is recommended for use in environments with corrosive elements. A thermocouple that is welded is physically separated from the sheath using mgO powder to prevent penetration of moisture or gas that could cause errors. The thermocouple that is welded has the additional benefit of being more resistant to vibration. It is recommended to use in harsh environments and with pressures of up to 3000 psi. If a thermocouple becomes damaged, it's typically caused due to a lack of the polarity. If the sheath is not been correctly polarized, the two ends of the thermocouple could have different voltages at their junction for measurement. This could result in an inaccurate reading or even damage to the instrument. A sensor that isn't properly calibrated or installed can also result in a malfunctioning thermocouple. Thermostat Gas patio heaters unlike electric heaters which are wired to the wall they are portable and run on propane or natural gas. Thermostats control the flow of energy to these cylinders so they don't spill over, but they still provide heat when required. The thermostat does this by sensing the temperature of the air that flows over it. The thermostat also senses when the room has been cooled to a comfortable level and turns off the heating. The most popular type of thermostat is one that is digital. It utilizes a microcontroller that converts a change in electrical resistance into a measurement of temperature. It can do this more accurately than the older mercury switch thermostats that employed a mercury coil with three wires that would move based on temperature. patio heater natural gas allowed it to tilt a mercury switch connected to the electrical circuit of an air conditioning or heater unit, turning it on or off. Another type of thermostat is one that is mechanical. The thermostat opens when the wax in the small cylinder begins to melt, which is approximately 180 degrees F. (Different thermostats have different opening temperatures). A rod connected to the valve presses into the wax and opens the valve when it's hot. As the room cools down, the wax contracts and the rod is pulled into the cylinder to close the valve. There are also thermostats that can be programmed to alter at different times during the day. You can cut down on energy consumption by programming your heating to be turned off and on while you're at work or sleeping, rather than having it on all the time. You can also set your thermostat to turn on earlier so that you can get home to a comfortable temperature. Thermostats often have a feature called the heat anticipateor which stops the heater from switching on too soon. This is due to the fact that different areas of the house often attain the temperature set before the thermostat does. Pilot Light Although many modern heating and homes have eliminated pilot lights older furnaces and homes still use these devices to light the gas in the burner chamber. It is important to know how to safely restart the pilot light if it ever fails. A pilot light produces a small flame that heats the thermocouple, which produces electricity and keeps the gas valve open. If the pilot flame goes out, the thermocouple cools and stops generating electricity, closing the gas valve. Pilot lights are utilized in the majority of propane and natural appliances, including fireplaces, water heaters barbecues, furnaces, ranges and hot tubs. To light a pilot light, it is necessary first that you shut off the gas valve on the appliance. The next step is to take off any doors or panels that could be blocking access to the pilot light. Find the pilot light tube, and follow the instructions on the back of the appliance to open it. After you've relit the pilot, turn the knob of the gas valve back to “on”. The main reason for leaving a pilot light on is for safety reasons. If it's accidentally extinguished the gas constantly escaping from the pilot light tube may build up in your home until a spark from the spark from a cigarette lighter or static electricity ignites it, causing an explosion. Pilot tubes are designed to include an inbuilt cutoff valve to keep this from happening. In addition to the safety issues, a constantly burning pilot light is also a significant amount of energy. Various studies have shown that a pilot light can burn between $7 and $18 of gas each month. This fuel is wasted and is a bigger burden on the air conditioner during summer. Another issue with the pilot light is that it could attract spiders, who can create webs that block the pilot tubes. A flame that is constant can release tiny amounts of the chemical Mercaptan which is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs that is common in natural gas. If you're ever concerned about these issues, consider buying a remote-controlled gas fire or replacing a fireplace with a more efficient, modern model.